Self-sovereign id is an idea that refers to the usage of distributed databases to handle PII.
The notion of self-sovereign id (SSI) is core to the thought of decentralized id. As an alternative of getting a set of identities throughout a number of platforms or a single id managed by a 3rd occasion, SII customers have digital wallets by which numerous credentials are saved and accessible by dependable purposes.
Consultants distinguish three predominant elements often known as the three pillars of SSI: blockchain, verifiable credentials (VCs) and decentralized identifiers (DIDs).
Blockchain is a decentralized digital database, a ledger of transactions duplicated and distributed amongst community computer systems that report data in a means that makes it troublesome or unimaginable to vary, hack or cheat.
Second, there are VCs known as tamper-proof cryptographically-secured and verified credentials that implement SSI and defend customers’ knowledge. They will signify data present in paper credentials, similar to a passport or license and digital credentials with no bodily equal, similar to, for example, possession of a checking account.
And final however not least, SSI contains DIDs, a brand new kind of identifier that permits customers to have a cryptographically verifiable, decentralized digital id. A DID refers to any topic like an individual, group, knowledge mannequin, summary entity, et cetera, as decided by the controller of the DID. They’re created by the consumer, owned by the consumer and unbiased of any group. Designed to be decoupled from centralized registries, id suppliers and certificates authorities, DIDs allow customers to show management over their digital id with out requiring permission from any third occasion.
Alongside SII, which is rooted in blockchain, DIDs and VCs, decentralized id structure additionally embraces 4 extra parts. They’re a holder who creates a DID and receives the verifiable credential, an issuer that indicators a verifiable credential with their non-public key and points it to the holder, and a verifier that checks the credentials and may learn the issuer’s public DID on the blockchain. Furthermore, a decentralized id structure encompasses particular decentralized id wallets that gasoline the entire system.
How decentralized id works
The premise for decentralized id administration is the usage of decentralized encrypted blockchain-based wallets.
In a decentralized id framework, customers make the most of decentralized id wallets — particular apps that permit them to create their decentralized identifiers, retailer their PII and handle their VCs —as a substitute of conserving id data on quite a few web sites managed by intermediaries.
In addition to distributed structure, these decentralized id wallets are encrypted. Passwords to entry them are changed by non-phishable cryptographic keys that don’t signify a single weak spot within the case of a breach. A decentralized pockets generates a pair of cryptographic keys: private and non-private. The general public key distinguishes a concrete pockets, whereas the non-public one, which is saved within the pockets, is required in the course of the authentication course of.
Whereas decentralized id wallets transparently authenticate customers, in addition they defend customers’ communications and knowledge. Decentralized apps (DApps) retailer PII, verified id particulars and the data wanted to ascertain belief, show eligibility or simply full a transaction. These wallets assist customers give and revoke entry to id data from a single supply, making it quicker and simpler.
On high of that, this data within the pockets is signed by a number of trusted events to show its accuracy. For instance, digital identities can get approval from issuers similar to universities, employers, or authorities buildings. Utilizing a decentralized id pockets, customers can current proof of their id to any third occasion.
